Quite some progress on the 3047A software – while I don’t really need a lot of phase noise data below a few kHz, still good to have things complete and working. As mentioned earlier, the 3047A test system used the 3582A FFT analyzer – which is very much outdated, apart from the fact that I don’t have one around. So a little bit of adaption, to incorporate a 3562a into the system.

To test the setup, three generators were tested, vs. a 8662A reference:

A 8782B at 28.800000 MHz (ref: 8662A DC FM, 5 kHz/V, scope: 50 mV/div):

A 8782B at 28.800013 MHz (ref: 8662A DC FM, 5 kHz/V, scope: 50 mV/div):

Note the spurious content, seems to be related to a fractional divider in the 8782B.

A Micro-Tel SG 811, which is a free-running generator (ref: 8662A DC FM, 100 kHz/V, scope: 1 V/div):

And, as the “gold standard”, a 8645A (no picture, scope shows just a flat line, with a few mVpp).

A few items – firstly, the 40 dB LNA of the 35601A interface is working fine – see the tests with and without – very little offset, except in the 1 kHz region, where such offset can be expected due to noise levels/parasitic noise of the setup that can only be overcome when using the LNA. Secondly, see the sharp drop at just above 10 kHz for the Micro-Tel measurement – this is corresponding to the loop bandwidth of the PLL. Note that the lower frequency data were only collected for test purposes – they are within the loop bandwidth and more or less invalid at below 10 kHz for the Micro-Tel, and below ~1 kHz for the others.
Above a few kHz, the system reaches the noise level of the 8662A – except for the spurs, and the Micro-Tel.

Afterwards, a quick reproducibility check:

The transition from the 3562A to the 3585A analyzers occurs at 25 kHz – sometimes, there is a little step. Need to check this further – maybe related to the disabled auto-recalibration of the 3562A.

Remaining items:

(1) Beatnote measurement for low frequency, using the 3562A – this is needed to test using very narrow bandwidth PLLs, like with voltage control inputs (ECF) of stable crystal oscillators.

(2) Phase slope measurements for small offsets, using the 3562A – currently, using the DC FM tuning input of the 8662A with a few kHz deviation – but this extension is needed for narrow loop BW/small tuning range as well.

(3) Some general cleanup of the code, and full incorporation of the PLL loop suppression correction (section “Difcorrection”). Nevertheless, that’s the current status, with some bugs fixed over the earlier version (LF filter settings F0, F1, F2, and some other minor things).
pnt_ main _150322

(4) Finally, adding some user-friendliness. Quite a bit of progress on this front, with a GTK based interface (need to implement the hardware control layer). Here a first glimpse.

For quite some years I have been dealing with temporary setups for phase noise measurement, mixers, amplifiers, analyzers, of all kinds. For the more noise sources, direct measurement with a good spectrum analyzer is rather straightforward, but in most cases, dealing with rather low noise sources here, and often, at rather high GHz frequencies.

Various techniques exist for reasonably accurate phase noise measurement of low noise sources, lately, at least in the <100 MHz region, correlation type (sampling) methods are used, and these instruments are great, really fast, and a good choice, if you have the funds and want something new and fancy. With all these choices nowadays, for many years, the HP (Agilent, Keysight) 3047A and 3048A were the gold standard for phase noise measurements (along with some Wenzel instruments). And, even better, the software at the time was written in BASIC, with all the source code available - so at least you know what it does and how it works.

After scoring two of the 35601A units for a handful of dollars, time for a revival. With the old software no longer usable on current systems, some hours were spent to adapt it modern times. In the meantime, most of this software, at least the essential parts, have been implemented in C (still needs to be cleaned up, if you are working on a similar thing and need it urgently, let me know).

This is the general setup:

The noise floor, depends on the mixer (the 35601A has two mixers, one for the 5 MHz to 1.6 GHz range, and a second mixer for up to 18 GHz – the later one has about 10 dB reduced sensitivity).

So far, the system is running with a 3585A analyzer only, with temporary software, at single frequencies. The 3047A employs the 3585A analyzer from 25 kHz onwards, and a 3582A FFT analyzer for the lower frequencies; this will be replaced by a 3562A. The 3585A is also used to measure the correction factors of the interface, which is rather straightforward because of the build-in tracking generator.

Now, after some more programming, some first measurements, of a few generators I have around here (8645A, 8782B, and a Micro-Tel SG811). As a reference the 8662A is used, so the 8645A can’t perform to its full specs – the measurement is limited by the reference.

Next steps: improving the 3562A functionality, for lower frequencies – this requires some more work on the HP code, which was written for a 3582A analyzer. And, finally, making it a bit more easy and intuitive to use.

Amongst other heavy boxes, the HPAK (HP Agilent now Keysight) 35601A is one of the instruments that form the venerable 3047A phase noise measurement system.
It contains two phase detectors (for up to 1.6 GHz, and for up to 18 GHz), a 40 db low noise amplifier, and other useful components to form a PLL (lead lag network, lock detector, a DAC, and a PLL to drive a low frequency signal from the 3585A IF).

This is the block diagram, sorry for the bad quality, it is the best I have, and you can read it with a magnifying glass. The 35601A has all kinds of switches that are GPIB controlled. The original HP software requires a particular dialect of BASIC, no longer used these days.

Therefore, the little program below might be helpful, written in C (compiles with GCC, and most other C compilers). Sorry, not particularly user friendly or anything, but those having ordinary skill in the art will know how to use it. The binary is quite useful for a quick check of the 35601A. Just connect a 10 MHz reference, and a 10 MHz VCO with about 10 kHz per V tuning range (like a 8662A with DC FM), and you can watch to PLL close.

PLL unlocked (see the upper yellow LED illuminated, indicating an open phase lock loop):

PLL locked (the upper LED is dark!):

The program files. Working with a National Instruments GPIB interface card, but can be adapted to other cards with little effort.
sw35601 program 150227

Please, no unfavorable comments about the Tektronix 2215. It is still a very good scope, despite the obvious lack of a LCD screen and gigabytes worth of sample memory (it doesn’t have any memory).